Biology and the Scientific Method | Lessons

• Biology overview | Video | September 3
  Discussion Question: What new information did you learn from the video about the scope of biology?

• Preparing to study biology | Article | September 4
  Discussion Question: How can we prepare ourselves to study biology more effectively? Share any strategies you find helpful.

• What is life? | Article | September 5
  Discussion Question: Based on the article, what characteristics do all living things share? How do these characteristics define life?

• The scientific method | Video | September 6
  Discussion Question: What part of the scientific method do you find most challenging, and why?

• The scientific method | Article | September 7
  Discussion Question: Can you think of a real-world problem that could be solved using the scientific method? Describe the steps you would take.

• Data to justify experimental claims examples | Video | September 8
  Discussion Question: Why is it important to use data to justify experimental claims? Provide an example from the video.

• Scientific method and data analysis (Login to Khan) | Exercise | September 9
  Discussion Question: What are some common mistakes made during data analysis in experiments? How can we avoid them?

• Introduction to experimental design | Video | September 10
  Discussion Question: How does a well-designed experiment ensure reliable and valid results? Share an example.

• Controlled experiments | Article | September 11
  Discussion Question: Why are controlled experiments crucial in scientific research? Give an example of a controlled experiment.

• Biology and the scientific method review | Article | September 12
  Discussion Question: What is the most important takeaway from the review of biology and the scientific method? How can you apply it to your studies?

• Experimental design and bias (Login to Khan) | Exercise | September 13
  Discussion Question: How can bias affect the outcome of an experiment? What steps can we take to minimize bias?

Important Molecules for Biology | Lessons

• Elements and atoms | Video | September 15
  Discussion Question: How do the properties of elements and atoms relate to their roles in biological systems?

• Introduction to carbohydrates | Video | September 16
  Discussion Question: What role do carbohydrates play in living organisms? Share an interesting fact from the video.

• Introduction to proteins and amino acids | Video | September 17
  Discussion Question: How are proteins and amino acids related? Why are they important for life?

• Introduction to lipids | Video | September 18
  Discussion Question: What functions do lipids serve in the body? Discuss one example.

• Introduction to nucleic acids and nucleotides | Video | September 19
  Discussion Question: How do nucleic acids and nucleotides contribute to genetic information?

• Introduction to vitamins and minerals | Video | September 20
  Discussion Question: Why are vitamins and minerals essential for health? Share an interesting detail from the video.

• Biological macromolecules review | Article | September 21
  Discussion Question: What are biological macromolecules, and why are they vital for life?

• Biological macromolecules (Login to Khan) | Exercise | September 22
  Discussion Question: How do the structures of biological macromolecules relate to their functions? Provide an example.

Water and Life | Lessons

• Hydrogen bonding in water | Video | September 24
  Discussion Question: How does hydrogen bonding contribute to the properties of water?

• Water as a solvent | Video | September 25
  Discussion Question: What makes water an excellent solvent, and why is this important for biological systems?

• Lesson summary: Water and life | Article | September 26
  Discussion Question: Summarize the key points about water and life from the article. How do these points help us understand biological processes?

• Water and life (Login to Khan) | Exercise | September 27
  Discussion Question: Discuss the relationship between water and life. Why is it considered a vital component?

pH, Acids, and Bases | Lessons

• Introduction to pH | Video | September 29
  Discussion Question: What did you find most interesting about pH from the video? How is pH measured and why is it important?

• pH, acids, and bases review | Article | September 30
  Discussion Question: What are some practical applications of understanding pH, acids, and bases in everyday life?

• pH, acids, and bases (Login to Khan) | Exercise | September 30
  Discussion Question: How can we apply our knowledge of pH, acids, and bases to solve real-world problems? Provide an example.

• Biology foundations: Unit test (Login to Khan) | Unit Test | September 30
  Discussion Question: Reflect on your learning journey so far. What concept from this unit do you feel most confident about, and why?

pH Knowledge | Real World Application | October 5

Introduction to Cells | Lessons

• Scale of cells | Video | October 20
  Discussion Question: How does understanding the scale of cells help us appreciate their complexity and function in living organisms?

• Cell theory | Video | October 21
  Discussion Question: What are the key principles of cell theory, and why are they fundamental to the study of biology?

• Microscopy | Article | October 22
  Discussion Question: How has the invention of the microscope advanced our knowledge of cell biology?

• Introduction to cells review | Article | October 23
  Discussion Question: What are the main takeaways from the review on cells? How do these concepts build a foundation for further study?

• Intro to cells (Login to Khan) | Exercise | October 24
  Discussion Question: What was the most challenging question in the exercise, and how did you approach solving it?

Basic Cell Structures | Lessons

• Introduction to the cell | Video | October 25
  Discussion Question: What are the basic structures of a cell, and what functions do they serve?

• Introduction to cilia, flagella and pseudopodia | Video | October 26
  Discussion Question: How do cilia, flagella, and pseudopodia contribute to cell movement and function?

• Basic cell structures review | Article | October 27
  Discussion Question: How do the different structures within a cell interact to support its overall function?

• Identifying cell structures (Login to Khan) | Exercise | October 28
  Discussion Question: Which cell structures were most difficult to identify and why?

• Basic cell structures (Login to Khan) | Exercise | October 29
  Discussion Question: How can identifying cell structures help us understand their roles in cellular processes?

The Cell Membrane | Lessons

• Fluid mosaic model of cell membranes | Video | October 30
  Discussion Question: What is the fluid mosaic model, and how does it explain the behavior of cell membranes?

• Structure of the plasma membrane | Article | October 31
  Discussion Question: Why is the structure of the plasma membrane crucial for its function?

• The cell membrane review | Article | November 1
  Discussion Question: What are the key points from the review on cell membranes that you found most interesting?

• The cell membrane (Login to Khan) | Exercise | November 2
  Discussion Question: How does understanding the cell membrane help in studying cell interactions and functions?

Eukaryotic Cell Structures | Lessons

• Organelles in eukaryotic cells | Video · 9 minutes | November 3
  Discussion Question: How do organelles contribute to the functionality of eukaryotic cells?

• Eukaryotic cell structures review | Article | November 4
  Discussion Question: What are the most important organelles in eukaryotic cells, and what are their functions?

• Identifying eukaryotic cell structures (Login to Khan) | Exercise · 7 questions | November 5
  Discussion Question: Which eukaryotic cell structures were most challenging to identify, and what strategies did you use?

• Eukaryotic cell structures (Login to Khan) | Exercise · 7 questions | November 6
  Discussion Question: How does identifying eukaryotic cell structures enhance your understanding of their roles?

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes | Lessons

• Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells | Video | November 7
  Discussion Question: What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Prokaryotic cells | Article | November 8
  Discussion Question: How do prokaryotic cells function without the complex organelles found in eukaryotic cells?

• Intro to eukaryotic cells | Article | November 9
  Discussion Question: What makes eukaryotic cells more complex than prokaryotic cells?

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts | Article | November 10
  Discussion Question: How do mitochondria and chloroplasts contribute to cellular energy production?

• Prokaryotes and eukaryotes review | Article | November 11
  Discussion Question: Summarize the main points from the review on prokaryotes and eukaryotes. How do these points help in understanding cellular evolution?

• Prokaryotes and eukaryotes (Login to Khan) | Exercise | November 12
  Discussion Question: How can differentiating between prokaryotes and eukaryotes help in understanding their respective roles in ecosystems?

Plant vs Animal Cells | Lessons

• Overview of animal and plant cells | Video | November 13
  Discussion Question: What are the main differences between plant and animal cells, and how do these differences relate to their functions?

• Plant vs animal cells review | Article | November 14
  Discussion Question: How does the comparison between plant and animal cells deepen our understanding of their unique roles?

• Plant vs animal cells (Login to Khan) | Exercise | November 15
  Discussion Question: What were the most significant differences you found between plant and animal cells during the exercise?

Plant Cells | Watch the Presentation | November 18

Animal Cells | Watch the Presentation |  November 20

The difference | A student Submission | November 22

Cells: Unit Test | Unit Test

• Cells: Unit test | Unit Test | November 29
  Discussion Question: Reflect on your learning journey in this unit. What concept did you find most intriguing, and why?

Introduction to Metabolism | Lessons

• Introduction to metabolism: Anabolism and catabolism | Video | December 2
  Discussion Question: What are the key differences between anabolism and catabolism, and why are both processes vital for life?

• Overview of metabolism | Article | December 3
  Discussion Question: How does the overview of metabolism help you understand the complexity of biochemical reactions in cells?

• ATP: Adenosine triphosphate | Video | December 4
  Discussion Question: Why is ATP considered the energy currency of the cell?

• Introduction to metabolism review | Article | December 5
  Discussion Question: What are the main points you learned from the review on metabolism? How do they connect to the concepts of anabolism and catabolism?

• Introduction to metabolism (Login to Khan) | Exercise | December 6
  Discussion Question: Which concept in metabolism did you find most challenging, and how did you overcome it?

Enzymes | Lessons

• Introduction to kinetics | Video | December 8
  Discussion Question: How does the study of kinetics help us understand the rates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

• Activation energy | Article | December 9
  Discussion Question: Why is activation energy important in biochemical reactions, and how do enzymes affect it?

• Enzymes | Video | December 10
  Discussion Question: What role do enzymes play in maintaining homeostasis within cells?

• Enzymes review | Article | December 11
  Discussion Question: Summarize the key points from the enzymes review. How do these points help in understanding enzyme function and regulation?

• Enzymes (Login to Khan) | Exercise | December 12
  Discussion Question: Which enzyme-related concept did you find most intriguing, and why?

Passive and Active Transport | Lessons

• Introduction to passive and active transport | Video | December 14
  Discussion Question: What are some examples of passive and active transport in cells?

• Diffusion - Introduction | Video | December 15
  Discussion Question: How does diffusion facilitate the movement of molecules across cell membranes?

• Concentration gradients | Video | December 16
  Discussion Question: Why are concentration gradients important for cellular processes?

• Passive transport review | Article | December 17
  Discussion Question: What are the main types of passive transport, and how do they benefit the cell?

• Passive transport (Login to Khan) | Exercise | December 18
  Discussion Question: What was the most surprising thing you learned about passive transport?

• Sodium potassium pump | Video | December 19
  Discussion Question: How does the sodium-potassium pump maintain cellular homeostasis?

• Active transport review | Article | December 20
  Discussion Question: How does active transport differ from passive transport, and why is it necessary for cells?

• Active transport (Login to Khan) | Exercise | December 21
  Discussion Question: How does understanding active transport help in studying other cellular processes?

Osmosis and Tonicity | Lessons

• Osmosis | Video | December 23
  Discussion Question: What role does osmosis play in maintaining cellular balance?

• Hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions (tonicity) | Video | December 24
  Discussion Question: How do different tonicities affect cells, and why is this important for cell survival?

• Osmosis and tonicity review | Article | December 25
  Discussion Question: Summarize the key points from the osmosis and tonicity review. How do these concepts apply to real-world biological scenarios?

• Osmosis and tonicity (Login to Khan) | Exercise | December 26
  Discussion Question: What was the most important takeaway from the exercise on osmosis and tonicity?

Osmosis Experiment | Water Purification | December 27

Photosynthesis | Lessons

• Breaking down photosynthesis stages | Video | December 28
  Discussion Question: How do the different stages of photosynthesis work together to produce glucose and oxygen?

• Photosynthesis review | Article | December 29
  Discussion Question: What are the critical stages of photosynthesis, and how do they contribute to the overall process?

• Photosynthesis (Login to Khan) | Exercise | December 30
  Discussion Question: How does photosynthesis impact the energy flow in ecosystems?

Cellular Respiration | Lessons

• Cellular respiration introduction | Video | December 31
  Discussion Question: What are the main stages of cellular respiration, and how do they contribute to energy production?

• Lactic acid fermentation | Video | December 31
  Discussion Question: How does lactic acid fermentation differ from aerobic respiration, and when does it occur?

• Alcohol or ethanol fermentation | Video | December 31
  Discussion Question: What are the applications of alcohol fermentation in industry and biology?

• Cellular respiration review | Article | December 31
  Discussion Question: How does the review of cellular respiration enhance your understanding of energy production in cells?

• Cellular respiration (Login to Khan) | Exercise | December 31
  Discussion Question: What concept of cellular respiration did you find most challenging, and how did you overcome it?

• Energy and transport: Unit test | Unit Test | December 31
  Discussion Question: Reflect on your learning journey in this unit. What concept did you find most intriguing, and why?

Types of Reproduction | Lessons

• Asexual and sexual reproduction | Video | January 2
  Discussion Question: How do the advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual reproduction influence an organism's survival and adaptation?

• Types of reproduction review | Article | January 3
  Discussion Question: What are the main points from the review on types of reproduction? How do they relate to evolutionary biology?

• Types of reproduction (Login to Khan) | Exercise | January 4
  Discussion Question: Which type of reproduction did you find most interesting, and why?

Chromosome Structure and Numbers | Lessons

• Chromosome structure and numbers | Lesson | January 5
  Discussion Question: Why is understanding chromosome structure important for studying genetics?

• Chromosomes | Article | January 6
  Discussion Question: How do chromosomes ensure the accurate transmission of genetic information during cell division?

• Chromosomes, chromatids and chromatin | Video | January 7
  Discussion Question: What are the differences between chromosomes, chromatids, and chromatin, and why are these distinctions important?

• Chromosome structure and numbers review | Article | January 8
  Discussion Question: How does the review on chromosome structure and numbers help clarify your understanding of genetic organization?

• Chromosomes (Login to Khan) | Exercise | January 9
  Discussion Question: What was the most challenging aspect of the exercise on chromosomes, and how did you address it?

The Cell Cycle and Mitosis | Lessons

• The cell cycle and mitosis | Lesson | January 10
  Discussion Question: How does the cell cycle ensure proper cell division and growth?

• Interphase | Video | January 11
  Discussion Question: What happens during interphase, and why is it crucial for cell division?

• Mitosis | Video | January 12
  Discussion Question: What are the stages of mitosis, and how do they ensure accurate cell division?

• Cancer | Video | January 13
  Discussion Question: How do mutations in the cell cycle lead to cancer, and what are the implications for treatment?

• The cell cycle and mitosis review | Article | January 14
  Discussion Question: What are the key points from the review on the cell cycle and mitosis that you found most enlightening?

• The cell cycle and mitosis (Login to Khan) | Exercise | January 15
  Discussion Question: How does understanding the cell cycle and mitosis help in comprehending cancer development?

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Meiosis | Lessons

• Meiosis | Lesson | January 16
  Discussion Question: How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity?

• Chromosomal crossover in meiosis I | Video | January 17
  Discussion Question: What role does chromosomal crossover play in increasing genetic variation?

• Phases of meiosis I | Video | January 18
  Discussion Question: How do the different phases of meiosis I ensure genetic recombination?

• Phases of meiosis II | Video | January 19
  Discussion Question: What are the key differences between meiosis I and meiosis II?

• Comparing mitosis and meiosis | Video | January 20
  Discussion Question: How do mitosis and meiosis differ in their processes and outcomes?

• Meiosis review | Article | January 21
  Discussion Question: What are the most important takeaways from the review on meiosis?

• Print & Complete | Worksheet | January 22

• Meiosis (Login to Khan)| Exercise | January 22
  Discussion Question: Which aspect of meiosis did you find most challenging, and how did you overcome it?

Fertilization and Development | Lessons

• Human fertilization and early development | Video | January 24
  Discussion Question: What are the key stages of early human development following fertilization?

• Apoptosis | Video | January 25
  Discussion Question: How does apoptosis contribute to normal development and the maintenance of healthy tissues?

• Fertilization and development review | Article | January 26
  Discussion Question: How does the review on fertilization and development help you understand the beginning stages of life?

• Fertilization and development (Login to Khan) | Exercise | January 27
  Discussion Question: What was the most interesting fact you learned about fertilization and development?

Create a new Species | Instructions | January 30

Reproduction and Cell Division: Unit Test | Unit Test

• Reproduction and cell division: Unit test (Login to Khan) | Unit Test | January 31
  Discussion Question: Reflect on your learning journey in this unit. What concept did you find most intriguing, and why?

Introduction to Heredity | Lessons

• Introduction to heredity | Lesson | February 1
  Discussion Question: What are the basic principles of heredity, and how do they explain the transmission of traits from parents to offspring?

• Introduction to heredity | Video | February 2
  Discussion Question: How do alleles and genes interact to determine an organism's traits?

• Alleles and genes | Video | February 3
  Discussion Question: What role do alleles play in genetic variation and the expression of traits?

• Worked example: Punnett squares | Video | February 4
  Discussion Question: How can Punnett squares be used to predict the probability of inheriting specific traits?

• Mendel and his peas | Article | February 5
  Discussion Question: What were Mendel's key discoveries with his pea plant experiments, and why are they foundational to genetics?

• The law of segregation | Article | February 6
  Discussion Question: How does the law of segregation contribute to our understanding of genetic inheritance? (complete the check your understanding quiz). 

• The law of independent assortment | Article | February 7
  Discussion Question: What is the law of independent assortment, and how does it affect genetic variation?

• Probabilities in genetics | Article | February 8
  Discussion Question: How do probabilities help in predicting genetic outcomes, and why are they important in genetics?

• Introduction to heredity review | Article | February 9
  Discussion Question: What are the most important points from the review on heredity that enhance your understanding of genetics?

• Introduction to heredity (Login to Khan) | Exercise | February 10
  Discussion Question: Which heredity concept did you find most interesting, and how did you understand it better through the exercise?

• Punnett squares and probability (Login to Khan) | Exercise | February 11
  Discussion Question: How do Punnett squares and probability exercises help in visualizing genetic inheritance patterns?

Punnett squares assignment | February 12

Text your knowledge to make genetic assumptions about Oak and Ivy's future litter. Submit the completed Punnett squares and assumptions about Oak and Ivy's future litter of puppies via email. 

Non-Mendelian Inheritance | Lessons

• Non-Mendelian inheritance | Lesson | February 12
  Discussion Question: How do non-Mendelian inheritance patterns differ from Mendelian inheritance?

• Co-dominance and incomplete dominance | Video | February 13
  Discussion Question: What are the differences between co-dominance and incomplete dominance, and how do they affect phenotypes?

• Multiple alleles, incomplete dominance, and codominance | Article | February 14
  Discussion Question: How do multiple alleles and incomplete dominance expand our understanding of genetic diversity?

• Pleiotropy and lethal alleles | Article | February 15
  Discussion Question: How do pleiotropy and lethal alleles influence genetic traits and organism survival?

• Polygenic inheritance and environmental effects | Article | February 16
  Discussion Question: How do polygenic inheritance and environmental factors together shape the traits of an organism?

• Non-Mendelian inheritance review | Article | February 17
  Discussion Question: What are the key concepts from the review on non-Mendelian inheritance that stood out to you?

• Non-Mendelian inheritance (Login to Khan) | Exercise | February 18
  Discussion Question: How do the exercises on non-Mendelian inheritance help clarify these complex genetic patterns?

Sex Linkage | Lessons

• Sex linkage | Lesson | February 19
  Discussion Question: What is sex linkage, and how does it affect the inheritance of certain traits?

• Worked example: Punnett square for sex-linked recessive trait | Video | February 20
  Discussion Question: How can Punnett squares be used to predict the inheritance of sex-linked recessive traits?

• X-linked inheritance | Article | February 21
  Discussion Question: How does X-linked inheritance differ from other types of inheritance, and what are some examples?

• X-inactivation | Article | February 22
  Discussion Question: What is X-inactivation, and why is it important for balancing gene expression in females?

• Sex linkage review | Article | February 23
  Discussion Question: What are the main points from the sex linkage review that enhance your understanding of genetic inheritance?

• Sex linkage (Login to Khan) | Exercise | February 24
  Discussion Question: How do exercises on sex linkage help in understanding the inheritance of sex-linked traits?

Pedigrees | Lessons

• Pedigrees | Lesson | February 25
  Discussion Question: How are pedigrees used to track the inheritance of traits in families?

• Pedigrees | Video | February 26
  Discussion Question: What are the key elements of a pedigree chart, and how do they help in understanding genetic inheritance?

• Pedigree for determining probability of exhibiting sex-linked recessive trait | Video | February 27
  Discussion Question: How can pedigrees be used to determine the probability of exhibiting a sex-linked recessive trait?

• Pedigrees review | Article | February 28
  Discussion Question: What are the most important points from the pedigree review that you found useful in understanding inheritance patterns?

• Pedigrees (Login to Khan) | Exercise | February 28
  Discussion Question: How do exercises on pedigrees help in tracking and predicting genetic traits in families?

Classical Genetics: Unit Test | Unit Test

• Classical genetics: Unit test | Unit Test | February 28
  Discussion Question: Reflect on your learning journey in this unit. What concept did you find most intriguing, and why?

DNA Structure and Replication | Lessons

• Discovery of the structure of DNA | Article | March 1
  Discussion Question: What were the key discoveries that led to understanding the structure of DNA, and who were the scientists involved?

• DNA | Video | March 2
  Discussion Question: How does the double helix structure of DNA facilitate its function in replication and protein synthesis?

• Molecular structure of DNA | Video | March 2
  Discussion Question: What are the components of DNA, and how are they arranged to form its structure?

• Antiparallel structure of DNA strands | Video | March 3
  Discussion Question: Why is the antiparallel arrangement of DNA strands important for replication?

• Leading and lagging strands in DNA replication | Video | March 3
  Discussion Question: How do leading and lagging strands differ in the process of DNA replication?

• DNA proofreading and repair | Article | March 4
  Discussion Question: What mechanisms are in place to ensure the accuracy of DNA replication?

• DNA structure and replication review | Article | March 4
  Discussion Question: What are the main points from the review on DNA structure and replication that enhance your understanding?

• DNA structure and replication (Login to Khan) | Exercise | March 5
  Discussion Question: What was the most challenging concept in DNA replication for you, and how did you overcome it?

RNA and Protein Synthesis | Lessons

• RNA and protein synthesis | Lesson | March 6
  Discussion Question: How does RNA differ from DNA, and what roles does it play in protein synthesis?

• Molecular structure of RNA | Video | March 6
  Discussion Question: How does the structure of RNA enable its function in protein synthesis?

• DNA replication and RNA transcription and translation | Video | March 7
  Discussion Question: What are the steps involved in transcription and translation, and how do they contribute to gene expression?

• Intro to gene expression (central dogma) | Article | March 7
  Discussion Question: What is the central dogma of molecular biology, and why is it fundamental to understanding gene expression?

• The genetic code | Article | March 8
  Discussion Question: How does the genetic code ensure accurate translation of RNA into proteins?

• Impact of mutations on translation into amino acids | Video | March 8
  Discussion Question: How can mutations in DNA affect the resulting proteins, and what are the potential consequences?

• RNA and protein synthesis review | Article | March 9
  Discussion Question: What are the key points from the RNA and protein synthesis review that enhanced your understanding?

• Transcription and translation (Login to Khan) | Exercise | March 9
  Discussion Question: How did the exercises on transcription and translation help clarify the process of gene expression?

• Codons and mutations (Login to Khan)| Exercise | March 10
  Discussion Question: What did you find most challenging about the concept of codons and mutations, and how did you overcome it?

Biotechnology | Lessons

• Biotechnology | Lesson | March 11
  Discussion Question: What are some of the key applications of biotechnology in modern science?

• Introduction to genetic engineering | Video | March 11
  Discussion Question: How does genetic engineering differ from traditional breeding techniques?

• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | Video | March 12
  Discussion Question: What is the importance of PCR in molecular biology, and how is it used?

• Gel electrophoresis | Video | March 12
  Discussion Question: How does gel electrophoresis separate DNA fragments, and what are its applications?

• DNA cloning and recombinant DNA | Video | March 13
  Discussion Question: How does DNA cloning work, and what are the benefits of using recombinant DNA technology?

• DNA sequencing | Article | March 13
  Discussion Question: Why is DNA sequencing important, and what are some of its key applications?

• Can we clone extinct dinosaurs from DNA preserved in their fossils? | Video | March 14
  Discussion Question: What are the scientific challenges and ethical considerations of cloning extinct species?

• Biotechnology review | Article | March 14
  Discussion Question: What are the main points from the biotechnology review that you found most interesting?

• Biotechnology (Login to Khan)| Exercise | March 15
  Discussion Question: How do the exercises on biotechnology help you understand its applications and implications?

Molecular Genetics: Unit Test

• Molecular genetics: Unit test | Unit Test | March 15
  Discussion Question: Reflect on your learning journey in this unit. What concept did you find most intriguing, and why?

Evolution and Natural Selection | Lessons

• Evolution and natural selection | Lesson | March 15
  Discussion Question: What is the importance of natural selection in the process of evolution?

• Introduction to evolution and natural selection | Video | March 15
  Discussion Question: How does natural selection lead to adaptation in a population?

• Ape clarification | Video | March 16
  Discussion Question: What common misconceptions exist about the evolutionary relationship between humans and apes?

• Natural selection and the owl butterfly | Video | March 16
  Discussion Question: How does the owl butterfly exemplify natural selection in action?

• Variation in a species | Video | March 17
  Discussion Question: Why is genetic variation crucial for the survival and evolution of a species?

• Evolution and natural selection review | Article | March 17
  Discussion Question: What are the key points from the review on evolution and natural selection that stood out to you?

• Evolution and natural selection (Login to Khan) | Exercise | March 18
  Discussion Question: How did the exercise on evolution and natural selection help deepen your understanding of these concepts?

Evidence of Evolution | Lessons

• Evidence of evolution | Lesson | March 19
  Discussion Question: What types of evidence support the theory of evolution?

• Evidence for evolution | Video | March 19
  Discussion Question: How do fossils and anatomical evidence support the theory of evolution?

• Fossils: rocking the Earth | Video | March 20
  Discussion Question: What role do fossils play in our understanding of Earth's history and the evolution of life?

• Human evolution overview | Video | March 20
  Discussion Question: What are the key stages in human evolution, and what evidence supports these stages?

• DNA spells evolution | Video | March 21
  Discussion Question: How does DNA provide evidence for evolutionary relationships among species?

• Biogeography: where life lives | Video | March 21
  Discussion Question: How does the geographic distribution of species provide evidence for evolution?

• Molecular evidence for evolutionary relationships examples | Video | March 22
  Discussion Question: How do molecular techniques help in understanding evolutionary relationships?

• Evidence of evolution review | Article | March 22
  Discussion Question: What are the most compelling pieces of evidence for evolution that you learned from the review?

• Evidence of evolution (Login to Khan) | Exercise | March 23
  Discussion Question: How did the exercises on evidence of evolution help clarify the concept for you?

Phylogeny | Lessons

• Phylogeny | Lesson | March 24
  Discussion Question: How does phylogeny help in classifying organisms and understanding their evolutionary relationships?

• Taxonomy and the tree of life | Video | March 24
  Discussion Question: What is the importance of taxonomy in biology, and how does it relate to the tree of life?

• Species | Video | March 25
  Discussion Question: How do biologists define and differentiate species?

• Biodiversity and natural selection | Video | March 25
  Discussion Question: How does natural selection contribute to biodiversity?

• Genetic variation, gene flow, and new species | Video | March 26
  Discussion Question: How do genetic variation and gene flow contribute to the formation of new species?

• Discovering the tree of life | Video | March 26
  Discussion Question: How do scientists use phylogenetic trees to represent evolutionary relationships?

• Phylogenetic trees | Article | March 27
  Discussion Question: What information can be derived from studying phylogenetic trees?

• Understanding and building phylogenetic trees | Video | March 27
  Discussion Question: How do scientists construct phylogenetic trees, and what are the challenges involved?

• How do we know which kinds of dinosaurs were most closely related? | Video | March 28
  Discussion Question: What methods do scientists use to determine the evolutionary relationships among dinosaurs?

• Phylogeny review | Article | March 28
  Discussion Question: What are the key points from the review on phylogeny that you found most enlightening?

• Phylogeny (Login to Khan) | Exercise | March 29
  Discussion Question: How did the exercises on phylogeny help you understand evolutionary relationships better?

Evolution: Unit Test

• Evolution: Unit test | Unit Test | March 30
  Discussion Question: Reflect on your learning journey in this unit. What concept did you find most intriguing, and why?

Body Structure and Homeostasis | Lessons

• Body structure and homeostasis | Lesson | April 1
  Discussion Question: How does the body maintain homeostasis, and why is it essential for survival?

• Homeostasis | Video | April 1
  Discussion Question: What mechanisms does the body use to maintain homeostasis?

• Homeostasis | Article | April 2
  Discussion Question: How do feedback loops contribute to homeostasis in the body?

• Tissues, organs, & organ systems | Article | April 2
  Discussion Question: How are tissues, organs, and organ systems interrelated in maintaining homeostasis?

• Body structure and homeostasis review | Article | April 3
  Discussion Question: What are the key takeaways from the review on body structure and homeostasis?

• Body structure and homeostasis (Login to Khan) | Exercise | April 3
  Discussion Question: What was the most challenging aspect of understanding homeostasis, and how did you overcome it?

The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems | Lessons

• The circulatory and respiratory systems | Lesson | April 4
  Discussion Question: How do the circulatory and respiratory systems work together to maintain homeostasis?

• Meet the heart! | Video | April 4
  Discussion Question: What are the main functions of the heart in the circulatory system?

• Circulatory system and the heart | Video | April 5
  Discussion Question: How does the structure of the heart support its function in pumping blood throughout the body?

• The circulatory system review | Article | April 5
  Discussion Question: What are the key points from the circulatory system review that enhance your understanding?

• Meet the lungs! | Video | April 6
  Discussion Question: How do the lungs facilitate gas exchange, and why is this process crucial?

• The lungs and pulmonary system | Video | April 6
  Discussion Question: What role do the lungs play in the respiratory system, and how do they interact with the circulatory system?

• The respiratory system review | Article | April 7
  Discussion Question: What are the most important aspects of the respiratory system that you learned from the review?

• The circulatory and respiratory systems (Login to Khan) | Exercise | April 7
  Discussion Question: How did the exercise on the circulatory and respiratory systems help clarify their interdependence?

The Musculoskeletal System | Lessons

• The musculoskeletal system | Lesson | April 8
  Discussion Question: How does the musculoskeletal system support movement and protect vital organs?

• Skeletal structure and function | Video | April 8
  Discussion Question: What are the main functions of the skeletal system?

• Cartilage | Video | April 9
  Discussion Question: What role does cartilage play in the musculoskeletal system?

• Ligaments, tendons, and joints | Video | April 9
  Discussion Question: How do ligaments, tendons, and joints contribute to the body's movement and stability?

• Three types of muscle | Video | April 10
  Discussion Question: What are the differences between the three types of muscle, and what are their functions?

• Anatomy of a skeletal muscle cell | Video | April 10
  Discussion Question: How does the structure of a skeletal muscle cell relate to its function?

• LeBron Asks: What muscles do we use when shooting a basket? | Video | April 11
  Discussion Question: How do different muscle groups work together when performing complex movements like shooting a basketball?

• The musculoskeletal system review | Article | April 11
  Discussion Question: What are the key points from the musculoskeletal system review that enhance your understanding?

• The musculoskeletal system (Login to Khan) | Exercise | April 12
  Discussion Question: What was the most challenging concept in the musculoskeletal system, and how did you understand it better through the exercise?

The Digestive and Excretory Systems | Lessons

• The digestive and excretory systems | Lesson | April 13
  Discussion Question: How do the digestive and excretory systems work together to maintain homeostasis?

• Meet the gastrointestinal tract! | Video | April 13
  Discussion Question: What are the main functions of the gastrointestinal tract?

• Kidney function and anatomy | Video | April 14
  Discussion Question: How do the kidneys contribute to the excretory system and maintain homeostasis?

• Urination | Video | April 14
  Discussion Question: What role does urination play in the excretory system?

• The digestive and excretory systems review | Article | April 15
  Discussion Question: What are the key points from the review on the digestive and excretory systems?

• The digestive and excretory systems (Login to Khan) | Exercise | April 15
  Discussion Question: How did the exercise on the digestive and excretory systems help clarify their functions?

The Nervous and Endocrine Systems | Lessons

• The nervous and endocrine systems | Lesson | April 16
  Discussion Question: How do the nervous and endocrine systems regulate body functions and maintain homeostasis?

• Structure of the nervous system | Video | April 16
  Discussion Question: What are the main components of the nervous system, and what are their functions?

• Anatomy of a neuron | Video | April 17
  Discussion Question: How does the structure of a neuron relate to its function in transmitting nerve impulses?

• Intro to the endocrine system | Video | April 17
  Discussion Question: How do hormones regulate body functions, and what are the main glands involved in the endocrine system?

• The nervous and endocrine systems review | Article | April 18
  Discussion Question: What are the key points from the review on the nervous and endocrine systems that enhance your understanding?

• The nervous and endocrine systems (Login to Khan) | Exercise | April 18
  Discussion Question: What was the most challenging aspect of understanding the nervous and endocrine systems, and how did you overcome it?

The Reproductive System | Lessons

• The reproductive system | Lesson | April 19
  Discussion Question: How do the structures and functions of the reproductive system contribute to the continuation of species?

• Welcome to the reproductive system | Video | April 19
  Discussion Question: What are the main functions of the reproductive system?

• Egg, sperm, and fertilization | Video | April 20
  Discussion Question: How do the processes of egg and sperm formation and fertilization ensure genetic diversity?

• The reproductive system review | Article | April 20
  Discussion Question: What are the key points from the review on the reproductive system that enhance your understanding?

• The reproductive system (Login to Khan) | Exercise | April 21
  Discussion Question: What was the most interesting fact you learned about the reproductive system?

The Immune System | Lessons

• The immune system | Lesson | April 22
  Discussion Question: How does the immune system protect the body from pathogens?

• Types of immune responses: Innate and adaptive, humoral vs. cell-mediated | Video | April 22
  Discussion Question: What are the differences between innate and adaptive immune responses?

• Role of phagocytes in innate or nonspecific immunity | Video | April 23
  Discussion Question: How do phagocytes contribute to the body's nonspecific immune response?

• Self vs. non-self immunity | Video | April 23
  Discussion Question: How does the immune system differentiate between self and non-self?

• Intro to viruses | Article | April 24
  Discussion Question: What are the basic characteristics of viruses, and how do they infect host cells?

• Viral replication: lytic vs lysogenic | Video | April 24
  Discussion Question: How do the lytic and lysogenic cycles of viral replication differ?

• The immune system review | Article | April 25
  Discussion Question: What are the key points from the review on the immune system that enhance your understanding?

• The immune system (Login to Khan) | Exercise | April 25
  Discussion Question: What was the most challenging aspect of understanding the immune system, and how did you overcome it?

Human Body Systems: Unit Test

• Human body systems: Unit test | Unit Test | April 30
  Discussion Question: Reflect on your learning journey in this unit. What concept did you find most intriguing, and why?

Ecology | Unit

Introduction to Ecology | Lessons

• Introduction to ecology | Lesson | May 1
  Discussion Question: What is the importance of studying ecology, and how does it help us understand the interactions within the environment?

• Ecology introduction | Video | May 1
  Discussion Question: How do ecosystems and biomes differ, and what role do they play in the environment?

• Ecosystems and biomes | Video | May 2
  Discussion Question: How do ecosystems and biomes differ, and what role do they play in the environment?

• Ecological levels: from individuals to ecosystems | Article | May 2
  Discussion Question: How do the different levels of ecological organization interact to maintain balance in the environment?

• Introduction to ecology review | Article | May 3
  Discussion Question: What are the key takeaways from the review on ecology that enhance your understanding?

• Introduction to ecology  (Login to Khan)  | Exercise | May 3
  Discussion Question: How did the exercise on ecology help clarify the concept for you?

Population Ecology | Lessons

• Population ecology | Lesson | May 4
  Discussion Question: How do population dynamics influence the stability of ecosystems?

• Population size, density, & dispersal | Article | May 4
  Discussion Question: What factors affect population size, density, and dispersal?

• Exponential and logistic growth in populations | Video | May 5
  Discussion Question: How do exponential and logistic growth models differ in describing population growth?

• Population regulation | Video | May 5
  Discussion Question: What are the different mechanisms of population regulation, and how do they impact population size?

• Population ecology review | Article | May 6
  Discussion Question: What are the key points from the population ecology review that enhance your understanding?

• Population ecology (Login to Khan) | Exercise | May 6
  Discussion Question: What was the most challenging concept in population ecology, and how did you overcome it?

Community Ecology | Lessons

• Community ecology | Lesson | May 7
  Discussion Question: How do species interactions shape community structure and dynamics?

• Ecosystem biodiversity | Video | May 7
  Discussion Question: How does biodiversity contribute to the stability and resilience of ecosystems?

• Ecosystems and ecological networks | Video | May 8
  Discussion Question: How do ecological networks and interactions within an ecosystem contribute to its health and stability?

• Community structure | Article | May 8
  Discussion Question: What factors influence community structure in an ecosystem?

• Introduced species and biodiversity | Video | May 9
  Discussion Question: How do introduced species affect biodiversity and ecosystem health?

• Ecological succession | Video | May 9
  Discussion Question: What are the stages of ecological succession, and how do they contribute to ecosystem development?

• Community ecology review | Article | May 10
  Discussion Question: What are the main points from the community ecology review that you found most enlightening?

• Community ecology  (Login to Khan) | Exercise | May 10
  Discussion Question: How did the exercises on community ecology help clarify your understanding of community dynamics?

Ecological Relationships | Lessons

• Ecological relationships | Lesson | May 11
  Discussion Question: How do different types of species interactions, such as predation and symbiosis, affect ecological communities?

• Interactions between populations | Video | May 11
  Discussion Question: How do interactions between populations influence the structure and dynamics of communities?

• Ecological interactions | Article | May 12
  Discussion Question: How do ecological interactions, such as competition and mutualism, shape ecosystems?

• Predator-prey cycles | Video | May 12
  Discussion Question: How do predator-prey cycles contribute to the regulation of populations within an ecosystem?

• Ecological relationships review | Article | May 13
  Discussion Question: What are the key points from the review on ecological relationships that enhance your understanding?

• Ecological relationships  (Login to Khan)  | Exercise | May 13
  Discussion Question: How did the exercises on ecological relationships help clarify your understanding of species interactions?

Trophic Levels | Lessons

• Trophic levels | Lesson | May 14
  Discussion Question: How do trophic levels represent the flow of energy and matter in an ecosystem?

• Flow of energy and matter through ecosystems | Video | May 14
  Discussion Question: How does energy flow through trophic levels in an ecosystem, and why is this important for ecological balance?

• Food chains & food webs | Article | May 15
  Discussion Question: How do food chains and food webs illustrate the connections between different organisms in an ecosystem?

• Example identifying roles in a food web | Video | May 15
  Discussion Question: How can identifying roles in a food web help us understand the complexity of ecological interactions?

• Energy flow and primary productivity | Article | May 16
  Discussion Question: What is primary productivity, and how does it relate to energy flow in ecosystems?

• Trophic levels review | Article | May 16
  Discussion Question: What are the key points from the trophic levels review that enhance your understanding?

• Trophic levels  (Login to Khan) | Exercise | May 17
  Discussion Question: How did the exercises on trophic levels help clarify your understanding of energy flow in ecosystems?

Biogeochemical Cycles | Lessons

• Biogeochemical cycles | Lesson | May 18
  Discussion Question: Why are biogeochemical cycles essential for ecosystem function?

• Biogeochemical cycles overview | Video | May 18
  Discussion Question: How do biogeochemical cycles maintain the balance of ecosystems?

• The water cycle | Video | May 19
  Discussion Question: What is the role of the water cycle in maintaining ecosystem health?

• The carbon cycle | Video | May 19
  Discussion Question: How does the carbon cycle contribute to the regulation of Earth's climate and ecosystem processes?

• The nitrogen cycle | Video | May 20
  Discussion Question: How does the nitrogen cycle support plant growth and ecosystem productivity?

• Biogeochemical cycles review | Article | May 20
  Discussion Question: What are the key points from the biogeochemical cycles review that enhance your understanding?

• Biogeochemical cycles  (Login to Khan)  | Exercise | May 21
  Discussion Question: How did the exercises on biogeochemical cycles help clarify your understanding of nutrient flow in ecosystems?

Human Impact on Ecosystems | Lessons

• Human impact on ecosystems | Lesson | May 22
  Discussion Question: What are the major ways in which human activities impact ecosystems?

• Human activities that threaten biodiversity | Video | May 22
  Discussion Question: How do human activities threaten biodiversity and ecosystem health?

• What is a biodiversity hotspot? | Video | May 23
  Discussion Question: What are biodiversity hotspots, and why are they important for conservation efforts?

• Conservation and the race to save biodiversity | Video | May 23
  Discussion Question: How do conservation efforts aim to protect and restore biodiversity?

• Introduced species and biodiversity | Video | May 24
  Discussion Question: How do introduced species affect biodiversity and ecosystem health?

• How does climate change affect biodiversity? | Video | May 24
  Discussion Question: How does climate change impact biodiversity and ecosystems?

• Protecting biodiversity: the power of the individual | Video | May 25
  Discussion Question: How can individuals contribute to protecting biodiversity?

• Protecting biodiversity: local and global policies | Video | May 25
  Discussion Question: What local and global policies are in place to protect biodiversity, and how effective are they?

• Human impact on ecosystems review | Article | May 26
  Discussion Question: What are the key points from the review on human impact on ecosystems that enhance your understanding?

• Human impact on ecosystems  (Login to Khan)  | Exercise | May 26
  Discussion Question: How did the exercises on human impact help clarify your understanding of the challenges facing ecosystems?

Ecology: Unit Test

• Ecology: Unit test | Unit Test | May 28
  Discussion Question: Reflect on your learning journey in this unit. What concept did you find most intriguing, and why?

High School Biology | END of Course Challenge

• High school biology | END of Course Challenge | 30 questions | May 30
  Discussion Question: Reflect on your overall learning experience in this course. What were your most significant achievements and challenges, and how did you overcome them?